This module introduces students to neurobiology, with the main focus on the anatomy and physiology of the brain and neural mechanisms underlying human behaviour. Basic neural cell physiology concepts such as membrane and resting action potential and electrical and chemical neurotransmission provide the foundation for this module. Topics include basic functional brain anatomy, microstructure and anatomy of neural tissues; mechanisms of neuronal development and integration, sensory-motor control and autonomic nervous control; auditory, visual and olfactory systems; and the neural foundations of human behaviour and skull osteology in adult and paediatric age groups. In addition to cognitive functions such as speech and language, the neurobiological basis of memory and emotions, sleep and dreaming, and brain degeneration are also discussed. The usefulness of various imaging modalities to appreciate structural and functional abnormalities of the brain are also addressed.