This module introduces the conventional methods and up-to-date technologies employed by water and wastewater treatment plants. Students will gain an appreciation of unit operations and processes for water and wastewater treatment. The scope of this module includes water use and wastewater generation; conventional water and wastewater treatment processes in terms of physical, chemical and biological means; and sludge treatment and disposal. It also introduces water quality, standards for drinking water and effluent discharge, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, softening, adsorption, ion exchange, disinfection, wastewater pre-treatment, activated sludge processes, attached growth processes, sludge treatment, and final disposal.