This module enables students to acquire basic skills in molecular cloning for the production of recombinant proteins. It also provides the prerequisite exposure to basic recombinant DNA (rDNA) techniques, as well as reinforcing concepts of scientific thinking, planning of experimental work, analysis of laboratory data, record keeping, literature reading, and presentation of results. In the process, students are required to consolidate their understanding in microbiology, genetics and cell and molecular biology. Students also learn to appreciate the implications and impact of rDNA in various biotechnology-related industries, the environment and society. Topics covered in this module include issues associated with cloning such as properties of nucleic acids, DNA isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis, electrophoresis, designing of primers, introduction of DNA into cells, and properties of restriction enzymes, among others. DNA sequencing and protein expression are also covered.