The study of immunology allows students to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing our body's defence systems. This module seeks to provide students with a sound understanding of the immune responses which underlie clinically important areas, namely defence against infections, hypersensitivity states and allergies, immunopathology, and transplantation. Students will learn how innate and adaptive immunity synergise in providing immune defences. Topics covered will include immunological events such as initiation of the immune response, leading from antigen presentation, cell activation and signalling pathways. Building blocks of the immune system, such as the types of cells, organs, and the major receptor molecules, including antibodies, T cell receptors and MHC molecules will be included. Contemporary challenges such as emerging infectious diseases, vaccine development, and the role of immunity in disease conditions will also be discussed. In terms of laboratory competencies, students will be trained in techniques such as SDS-PAGE, ELISA, and Western blotting.