This module covers basic principles used in the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular levels, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. It addresses some of the simple design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shapes and sizes at the nanometre scale. This module focuses on what causes bulk properties of materials to change dramatically with nano ingredients. It draws attention to how quantum effects can begin to dominate the behaviour of matter at the nano level, affecting the optical, electrical and magnetic behaviour of materials. Students taking this module will also learn the need for nanomaterials and the distinction between nanostructure and microstructure, as well as understand the creation of nanostructures, and the production of new materials with enhanced properties for advanced applications.