This module aims to give students an overview of the rail network in Singapore and learn how the rail systems are controlled and operated. Students will be introduced to the principles of rail operation in connection with infrastructure, network and localised train control, train planning, risk management and risk administration. Topics covered include, Automatic Train Control (ATC), railway control, supervision and management system composed of three subsystems: Automatic Train Protection (ATP), Automatic Train Operation (ATO) and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS); modes of train operations, normal, degraded and emergency modes; principles of train signalling; Operation Control Centre (OCC), depot and station operations; and familiarity with railway systems, such as communications systems, rolling stock, permanent way and traction power systems.