This module provides a global overview of the exploitation of living marine resources and marine biological approaches to conservation. This includes marine biodiversity, critical habitats, environmental threats, fisheries exploitation, coastal zone management, and marine protected areas. It will take a holistic approach for marine and coastal conservation, considering the economic, environmental, political, and cultural influences on marine resource management. Students will be provided with an overview of the current state of marine mammal populations and the major threats facing marine mammal conservation including fisheries, pollution, diseases, and habitat loss. Students will critically review national and international marine and coastal conservation strategies and evaluate their effectiveness.